Objective, Sites, Measurements , Questions , Instruments, Participants, Funding
East Asia with its heart in China is a region of heavy aerosol loading and of precursor gases with distinct and complex properties. To date, few in-situ measurements were made of the physical properties and chemical composition of the aerosols near the source regions. In order to gain a basic knowledge of the characteristics of aerosols and gases and a understanding of their climatic effects, a team of scientists from U.S. and China conduct joint field measurements by means of routine observations at fixed sites, and intensive observation campaign.[Top]
3 Supersites
2 IOP sites (todate)
25 nation-wide network sites [Top]
1. Super site measurements
Radiative quantities: Broadband SW and LW fluxes
direct, diffuse and total irradiances
Narrowband UV, PAR, and 8 other bands
Aerosol quantities: Aerosol optical depths, single scattering albedo
size distribution, aerosol filters
Cloud parameters: Total sky imager, cloud cover, cloud optical
depth
Meteorological variables: surface pressure, temperature, wind, humidity
Ozone total column amount, and profile
Precipitable water
2. IOP measurements
All above, plus
Cloud liquid path, cloud bottom height
Aerosol absorbing quantities
Aerosol composition and number concentration
OC/EC, ozone, NO, NOx, NOy, CO, SO2.
3. National-wide network
Aerosol optical depth at 4 bands
Angstrom exponent
Surface total and visible (PAR) irradiance[Top]
· What are the major types of aerosol, its loading and the single scattering albedos in the region,
· How much do aerosols influence radiative forcing at the TOA and at the surface?
· How do aerosols alter cloud microphysics and precipitation;
· How are the properties of dust particles modified by air pollution?
· What are the origins and compositions of the aerosols? [Top]
Table 1、Instruments measuring radiation, cloud, and aerosol quantities, provided by University of Maryland and NASA/GSFC
|
Instruments |
Manufacture |
Observation Items
|
|
Kipp & Zonen
1. CM21 radiometer 2. CM22 radiometer 3. CV2 ventilator 4. EKO solar tracker
|
Kipp & Zonen (USA) Inc. 125 Wilbur Place Bohemia, New York 11716 USA
|
Total (CM21) and Diffuse radiation (CM22) with a ventilation system (CV2). All are placed on solar-tracking system
|
|
Eppley 1. 8-48 B&W radiometer 2. Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer 3. Ventilator model VEN 4. PIR (Precision Infrared Radiometer)
|
Eppley Lab Tom Kirk 401-847-1020
|
Diffuse and direct solar radiation; Vventilator attached to 8-48 radiometer |
|
Campbell Scientific Logger (CR23X-4M) |
Campbell Scientific Inc. 815 W. 1800N Logan, Utah 84321-1784 |
Data acquisition |
|
YES MFR-7 Rotating shadow band radiometer TSI 440A Total Sky Imager
|
Yankee Environment Sys. Mark Beaubien 101 Industrial Blvd. Turners Falls, MA
|
Direct and diffuse spectral radiation
Cloud fraction Cloud t Cloud re
Total sky image and animation movie |
|
Cimel CE-318 |
CIMEL Electronique 172 rue de Charonne 75011 Paris, France |
Direct spectral radiance Aerosol t, w, & size distribution |
|
MPL Lidar |
Developed by NASA/GSFC |
Aerosol extinction profile, cloud height |
|
Microwave Radiometer |
Developed by NASA/GSFC |
Cloud liquid water path Precipitable water |
|
High-volume Aerosol Sampler |
Developed by University of Miami |
Aerosol composition and size distribution |
|
Aerosol optical sampler |
Developed by NASA/GSFC |
Aerosol scattering, absorption from UV to mid-IR |
Table 2: Instruments Measuring Gases, Aerosol Physical and Chemical Properties (both for airborne and ground observations), provided by University of Maryland
|
Instruments |
Manufacture |
Model |
Observation Items |
Weight (lbs) |
Dimension (cm) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pulsed Fluorescence SO2 Analyzer |
Thermo Electron Inc. |
TEI 43C |
Sulfur Dioxide Concentration |
46.5 |
58 x 42 x 22 |
|
Gas Filter Correlation CO Analyzer |
Thermo Electron Inc. |
TEI 48C |
Carbon Monoxide Concentration |
44.0 |
58 x 42 x 22 |
|
UV Photometric O3 Analyzer |
Thermo Electron Inc. |
TEI 49C |
Ozone Concentration |
42.5 |
58 x 42 x 23 |
|
Integrating Nephelometer |
TSI, Inc |
3563 |
Aerosol Light Scattering at 450,550 & 700 nm |
44.5 |
105 x 29 x 25 |
|
Particle/Soot Absorption Photometer |
Radiance Research, Inc |
Nil |
Aerosol Light Absorption at 565 nm |
10.0 |
48 x 29 x 14 |
|
MetOne Particle Counter |
MetOne, Inc. |
9012 |
|||
|
Condensation Particle Counter |
TSI Inc. |
3007 |
Total Aerosol Number Concentration (<1.0 µm) |
5.0 |
30 x 13 x 15 |
|
Rosemont Pressure Transducer |
Rosemont, Inc |
2008 |
Atmospheric Pressure |
4.0 |
12 x 10 x 8 |
|
Rustrack Data Logger |
Thermo Westronics, Inc |
RR2- 1200 |
Data Acquisition |
3.5 |
30 x 19 x 5 |
|
Garmin GPS 90 |
Garmin, Inc. |
90 |
Position |
2.0 |
16 x 5 x 3 |
Table 3 Instruments measuring the chemistry and optical properties of absorbing aerosols, provided by the University of Hawaii
|
Instrument |
Measurement Parameter |
|
Omnidirectional Inlet & Tubing. Built by Dave covert, U. Washington |
Delivers air and aerosols to all our instruments except the MOUDI impactors |
|
TSI Model 3563 Integrating Nephelometer |
Aerosol Light Scattering at 450, 550, and 700 nm for Aerosols. Alternating Total and <1 µm |
|
Magee Scientific Model AE3 Aethalometer |
Aerosol Light Absorption at 370, 450, 571, 615, 660, 880, and 950 nm for Total Aerosols |
|
Radiance Research PSAP |
Aerosol Light Absorption at 565 nm, Alternating Total and <1 um with neph |
|
Sunset Labs Semi-continuous Aerosol Carbon Analyzer |
Bulk Elemental and Organic Carbon in Aerosols |
|
Bulk Aerosol Filter Sampler |
Bulk Aerosol Concentrations of Chemical Species (e.g., sulfate, nitrate, …) |
|
2 ea MOUDI Cascade Impactors |
Size-segregated Carbonaceous and Inorganic Aerosol Collections |
|
TSI Model 3320 Aerodynamic Particle Sizer |
Number Size Distribution of Particles from 0.5 to 20 µm |
|
TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer |
Number Size Distribution of Particles from 15 to 700 nm |
|
TSI Model 3760 Condensation Particle Counter |
Total Aerosol Number Concentration from 15 to 1000 nm |
|
Monitor Labs Model 9810 Ozone Analyzer |
Ozone Concentration |
|
Mettler UMT-2 Microbalance |
Gravimetric Aerosol Mass |
|
Muffle Furnace |
Cleaning quartz filters for OC/EC analysis |
Funding NASA, NSF, USA
Agencies IAP/CAS, NSFC, China [Top]
Participating University of Maryland
Institutes Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
University of Hawaii (IOP05)
University of Miami (IOP05) [Top]