Prospectus: AOSC 637, 2009

The bulk of the course will be more like a journal club where for student-selected topics we critique a classic paper or two then review the state of the science. Emphasis will be placed on experiments and theories with global impact that changed the direction of atmospheric chemistry and climate.

Because most potential students have had the fundamentals already, you will get a take-home exam (your performance will not affect your grade) and core areas of atmospheric chemistry and physics not yet mastered by students will be covered at the onset of the course.

Suggested TOPICS

Acid rain

Aerosols and Climate (direct effects)

Aerosols and Clouds

Antarctic ozone hole

Biomass burning

Bromine chemistry

CH₄ Cycle

Convection and chemistry

Evolution of the atmosphere

Gaia Hypothesis

Geoengineering

Long-range transport

N₂O cycle

NH₃ and the Green Revolution

NOx and Lightning

Oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere

SO₂ oxidation

Stratospheric aerosols and climate

Stratospheric ozone and halogens

Trace gases and climate

Tropospheric Ozone

Urban Heat Island

Potential readings

Anderson, J. G., J. J. Margitan, and D. H. Stedman (1977), Atomic chlorine and the chlorine monoxide radical in the stratosphere: Three in situ observations, Science, 198, 501-503.

Anderson, J. G., D. W. Toohey, and W. H. Brune (1991), Free-Radicals within the Antarctic Vortex - the Role of Cfcs in Antarctic Ozone Loss, Science, 251, 39-46.

Andreae, M. O. and P. Crutzen (1997), Atmospheric aerosals: Biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry, Science, 276, 1052-1058.

Blake, D. R. and F. S. Rowland (1986), Global Atmospheric Concentrations and Source Strength of Ethane, Nature, 321, 231-233.

Chameides, W. L., R. W. Lindsay, J. Richardson, and C. S. Kiang (1988), The role of biogenic hydrocarbons in urban photochemical smog: Atlanta as a case study, Science, 241, 1473-1474.

Chameides, W. L., D. H. Stedman, R. R. Dickerson, D. W. Rusch, and R. J. Cicerone (1977), NOx production in lightning, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 143-149.

Chameides, W. L. and J. C. G. Walker (1973), A photochemical theory of tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 8751-8760.

Charlson, R. J., J. E. Lovelock, M. O. Andreae, and S. G. Warren (1987), Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate, Nature, 326, 655-661.

Charlson, R. J., S. E. Schwartz, J. M. Hales, R. D. Cess, J. A. Coakley, J. E. Hansen, and D. J. Hofmann (1992), Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols, Science, 255, 423-430.

Chatfield, R. B. and H. Harrison (1976), Ozone in the remote troposphere: Mixing versus photochemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 421-423.

Cicerone, R. J. and J. D. Shetter (1981), Sources of atmospheric methane: measurements in rice paddies and a discussion, J. Geophy. Res., 86, 7203-7209.

Cicerone, R. J., J. D. Shetter, D. H. Stedman, T. J. Kelly, and S. C. Liu (1978), Atmospheric N2O: Measurements to determine its sources, sinks, and variations, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3042.

Crutzen, P. J. (1970), The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content, Quart. J. Royal Meteo. Society, 96, 320-325.

Crutzen, P. J. (1971), Ozone production rates in an oxygen-hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 7311-7327.

Crutzen, P. J. (1973), A discussion of the chemistry of some minor constituents in the stratosphere and troposphere, Pure Appl. Geophys., 106, 1385-1399.

Crutzen, P. J., L. E. Heidt, J. P. Krasnec, W. H. Pollack, and W. Seiler (1979), Biomass burning as a source of atmospheric gases CO, H2, N2O, NO, CH3Cl, and COS, Nature, 282, 253-256.

Crutzen, P. J., A. R. Mosier, K. A. Smith, and W. Winiwarter (2008), N₂O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 389-395.

Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. and J. N. Pitts Jr. (1997), Troposheric air pollution: Ozone, airborne toxics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and particles, Science, 276, 1045-1052.

Fishman, J., K. W. Bowman, J. P. Burrows, A. Richter, K. V. Chance, D. P. Edwards, R. V. Martin, G. A. Morris, R. B. Pierce, J. R. Ziemke, J. A. Al-Saadi, J. K. Creilson, T. K. Schaack, and A. M. Thompson (2008), Remote sensing of tropospheric pollution from space, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 89, 805-821.

Fishman, J. and P. J. Crutzen (1978), The origin of ozone in the troposphere, Nature, 274, 855.

Fishman, J., P. Minnis, and H. G. Reichle (1986), Use of satellite data to study tropospheric ozone in the Tropics, J. Geophy. Res., 91, 14451-14465.

Fishman, J., V. Ramanathan, P. J. Crutzen, and S. C. Liu (1979), Tropospheric ozone and climate, Nature, 282, 819.

Galloway, J. N., J. D. Aber, J. W. Erisman, S. P. Seitzinger, R. W. Howarth, E. B. Cowling, and B. J. Cosby (2003), The nitrogen cascade, Bioscience, 53, 341-356.

Jacob, D. J. (2000), Heterogeneous chemistry and tropospheric ozone, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2131-2159.

Junge, C. E. (1962), Global Ozone Budget and Exchange between Stratosphere and Troposphere, Tellus, 14, 363-377.

Junge, C. E. (1972), Our Knowledge of Physico-Chemistry of Aerosols in Undisturbed Marine Environment, Journal of Geophysical Research, 77, 5183-&.

Junge, C. E. (1974), Residence Time and Variability of Tropospheric Trace Gases, Tellus, 26, 477-488.

Junge, C. E., C. W. Chagnon, and J. E. Manson (1961), Stratospheric Aerosols, Journal of Meteorology, 18, 81-108.

Junge, C. E. and R. T. Werby (1958), The Concentration of Chloride, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Sulfate in Rain Water over the United States, Journal of Meteorology, 15, 417-425.

Kaufman, Y. J., D. Tanre, and O. Boucher (2002), A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system, Nature, 419, 215-223.

Lelieveld, J., P. J. Crutzen, V. Ramanathan, M. O. Andreae, C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer, T. Campos, G. R. Cass, R. R. Dickerson, H. Fischer, J. A. de Gouw, A. Hansel, A. Jefferson, D. Kley, A. T. J. de Laat, S. Lal, M. G. Lawrence, J. M. Lobert, O. L. Mayol-Bracero, A. P. Mitra, T. Novakov, S. J. Oltmans, K. A. Prather, T. Reiner, H. Rodhe, H. A. Scheeren, D. Sikka, and J. Williams (2001), The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread air pollution from South and Southeast Asia, Science, 291, 1031-1036.

Lovelock, J. and L. Margulis (1974), Atmospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere: The Gaia Hypothesis, Tellus, 26.

McElroy, M. B., R. J. Salawitch, S. C. Wofsy, and J. A. Logan (1986), Reductions in Antarctic ozone due to synergistic interactions of chloring and bromine, Nature, 321, 759-762.

Molina, M. J. and F. S. Rowland (1974), Stratospheric sink for chlorofluorocarbons: Chlorine atom catalyzed destruction of ozone, Nature, 249, 890.

Odum, J. R., T. Hoffmann, F. Bowman, D. Collins, R. C. Flagan, and J. H. Seinfeld (1996), Gas/particle partitioning and secondary organic aerosol yields, Environmental Science & Technology, 30, 2580-2585.

Sander, R. and P. J. Crutzen (1996), Model study indicating halogen activation and ozone destruction in polluted masses transported tho the sea, J. Geophy. Res., 101, 9121-9138.

Sander, R., W. C. Keene, A. A. P. Pszenny, R. Arimoto, G. P. Ayers, E. Baboukas, J. M. Cainey, P. J. Crutzen, R. A. Duce, G. Honninger, B. J. Huebert, W. Maenhaut, N. Mihalopoulos, V. C. Turekian, and R. Van Dingenen (2003), Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 3, 1301-1336.

Solomon, S., R. Garcia, F. S. Rowland, and D. J. Wuebbles (1986), On the depletion of Antarctic ozone, Nature, 321, 755-758.

Stockwell, W. R. and J. G. Calvert (1983), The mechanism of the HO-SO2 reaction, Atmos. Environ., 17, 2231-2235.

Stolarski, R. S. and R. J. Cicerone (1974), Stratospheric Chlorine - Possible Sink for Ozone, Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie, 52, 1610-1615.

Thompson, A. M. (1992), The oxidizing capacity of the Earth's atmosphere: Probable past and future changes, Science, 256, 1157-1165.

Twomey, S. (1974), Pollution and Planetary Albedo, Atmospheric Environment, 8, 1251-1256.

Twomey, S. (1977), Influence of Pollution on Shortwave Albedo of Clouds, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 34, 1149-1152.

Twomey, S. and P. Squires (1959), The Influence of Cloud Nucleus Population on the Microstructure and Stability of Convective Clouds, Tellus, 11, 408-411.

Twomey, S. A., M. Piepgrass, and T. L. Wolfe (1984), An assessment of the impact of pollution on global cloud albedo, Tellus, 36b, 356-366.

Zimmerman, P. R., R. B. Chatfield, J. Fishman, P. J. Crutzen, and P. L. Hanst (1978), Estimates of the production of CO and H2 from the oxidation of hydrocarbon emissions from vegetation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 5, 679-682.