Results from Lorenz coupled models
	• Coupling a fast and a slow Lorenz model, we can do breeding of the slow modes • Valid for other nonlinear approaches (e.g., EnKF) but not of linear approaches (e.g., LVs and SVs) which are dominated by the fastest component • Can be applied to the ENSO coupled instabilities (Cai, Kalnay and Toth, 2002, for the Zebiak-Cane model) • We have also had promising results with the NASA NSIPP coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM (Yang, Cai and Kalnay, 2003)