Updated on Jan30,2007 by JH;  by N. Zeng 6/2008;

A brief guide on using the UMD Earth system model (CABO)

The UMD  model is a flexible Earth system model of intermediate complexity, that consists of the atmosphere, ocean, land, dynamic vegetation, 
terrestrial and ocean carbon cycle components. These components  can be relatively easily switched on and off, as you will see in the names 
of the types of coupling one can do (See Chapters 1, 2). 

Example 1: a run labled CABOa_ALV means: Atmosphere, Land, dynamic Vegetation are 'on'; while other processes are 'off', e.g., 
it would use observed SST for the Ocean, and atmospheric CO2 for greenhouse forcing, etc.  This is the default version of provided by the package.

Example 2: CABOa_OALVC: the most fully coupled version including interactive Ocean, Atmo, Land, Vege, Carbon cycle, in which, among other things,
 atmospheric CO2 is predicted and its impact on longwave radiation (greenhouse effect) and vegetation growth (CO2 fertilization effect) are dynamically 
determined by the model. This is the C4MIP style run (Zeng et al., 2004).

Content of this document

• Individual packages can be available.  Please contact us
• Major types of coupling using CABO             >> Chapter 1
• HowToRun                                                        >> Chapter 2
• Experiments with CABO                                  >> Chapter 3
• Descriotion of ESM0 simulation set up            >> Chapter 4
  
• Boundary Data                                                  >> Chapter 5
• ESM0 Coupling Notes                                      >> Chapter 6
  

Quick Start

• Aerosol/Volcano : zonal-averaged aerosol optical visible depth (Tau_Vis) is available from Ammann et al. (2003) and Meehl et al. (2003). Data can be obtained from http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/forcing.html. Crowley (2000) has solar+volcano for last 1000yr
• Aerosol (Anthropogenic SO2) : Horizontal distribution is available at the GISS : http://www.giss.nasa.gov/data/simodel/trop.aer/. Time series cab be obtained at NOAA's Paleoclimate data site (Crowley 2000).
  
• Solar : Lean et al. (2002) for last 400 years. This data may have several different sources.
  
• Land use change

• Ocean: Slab
• Atmo: QTCMg 5.625x3.75 (64x48)
• Land: Sland (one layer for water, two layers for Temp)
• Vege: VEGAS
  

• VEGAS : ./src/vege.F.Arrenhius_25C (Feb 14/2005)
  
• QTCMg : ./src/qtcm.F (modified from QTCM1v2.1)
  
• Sland : ./src/land.F
  
• Ocean : Slab

• Aerosol/Volcano : zonal-averaged aerosol optical visible depth (Tau_Vis) is available from Ammann et al. (2003) and Meehl et al. (2003). Data can be obtained from http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/forcing.html Crowley2000 has solar+volcano for last 1000yrNOAApaleo
• Aerosol (Anthropogenic SO2) : Horizontal distribution is available at the GISS : http://www.giss.nasa.gov/data/simodel/trop.aer/. Time series cab be obtained at NOAA's Paleoclimate data site (Crowley 2000).
• Solar : Lean et al. (2002) for last 400 years. This data may have several different sources.
  
• Land use change
  

• Ocean: Slab
• Atmo: QTCMg 5.625x3.75 (64x48)
• Land: Sland (one layer for water, two layers for Temp)
• Vege: VEGAS

1.2 CO2 forced, interactive ocean, atmo, land, vegetation  (CABOa_OALV)

• Aerosol/Volcano : zonal-averaged aerosol optical visible depth (Tau_Vis) is available from Ammann et al. (2003) and Meehl et al. (2003). Data can be obtained from http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/forcing.html. Crowley2000 has solar+volcano for last 1000yrNOAApaleo
• Aerosol (Anthropogenic SO2) : Horizontal distribution is available at the GISS : http://www.giss.nasa.gov/data/simodel/trop.aer/. Time series cab be obtained at NOAA's Paleoclimate data site (Crowley 2000).
• Solar : Lean et al. (2002) for last 400 years. This data may have several different sources.
• Land use change

• Ocean: Slab
• Atmo: QTCMg 5.625x3.75 (64x48)
• Land: Sland (one layer for water, two layers for Temp)
• Vege: VEGAS

• CO2 : Observed change
• Aerosol/Volcano : zonal-averaged aerosol optical visible depth (Tau_Vis) is available from Ammann et al. (2003) and Meehl et al. (2003). Data can be obtained from http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/forcing.html. Crowley2000 has solar+volcano for last 1000yrNOAApaleo
• Aerosol (Anthropogenic SO2) : Horizontal distribution is available at the GISS : http://www.giss.nasa.gov/data/simodel/trop.aer/. Time series cab be obtained at NOAA's Paleoclimate data site (Crowley 2000).
• Solar : Lean et al. (2002) for last 400 years. This data may have several different sources.
• Land use change

• Atmo: QTCMg 5.625x3.75 (64x48)
• Land: Sland (one layer for water, two layers for Temp)
• Vege: VEGAS

• CO2 : Observed change from Hadley (1871-present)
  
• Volcanic stratospheric forcing (1950-present)
  
• Tropospheric and stratospheric ozone
  
• HadSST
  

	
	
1.4 Offline land/vege model forced by atmospheric Prec, Temp, etc. (CABOa_LV)

• AtmoRead: Prec (CRU2.0 + Xie: Jan1901 �€“ Oct2004) and Temp(CRU2.0 + GISS: Jan1901 �€“ Apr2004)
• CO2 fixed at 281
• Land Use Change (potentially)

• Land: Sland (one layer for water, two layers for Temp)
• Vege: VEGAS

Chapter 2. How to Run CABOa

								


0. CABOa Directory structure

         ../CABOa            : model tar package
                 ./bnddata*  : time-invariant boundary data
                               STYPE/TOPO...
                 ./inidata   : For the ensemble experiments using driver.F.ALV,
                 ./proc      : Where output go
                 ./src       : Source program and make file to compile
                 ./work      : Your working scripts
                 ./qtcmpar   : Parameters for QTCMg model
                               from UCLA

         *Boundary data for long-term simulation
         ../bnddata_64x48    : SST_HADSST (1870-current)
         ../bnddata_1.0x1.0  : CRU_TS2.0  (1901-2000)
         ../bnddata_2.5x2.5  : CRU_TS2.0  (1901-2000)

• This document explains what/how to do when you have CABOa.tar.gz
• You also need bnddata* files for long-term simulation.
• ALV         : Atmo-Land-Vege interactive (Default)
  
• LV            : Land-Vege interactive
• OALV      : Ocean-Atmo-Land-Vege interactive
• OALVC   : Ocean-Atmo-Land-Vege-Carbon interactive

2. To Run ALV

2.1 Important user parameters

• SSTMODE (decide SST is seasonal or realtime)
• ilandon (decide LAND interactive or not)
• ivegeon (decide VEGE interactive or not)
  

2.2 Albedo feedback w/ anomaly coupling

• ivegon = 1 : No Albedo Feedback
• ivegon = 2 : No Vege
• ivegon = 3 : Anomaly coupling
• ivegon = 4 : Anomaly coupling + time scale (tau=5yr)

2.3 Climate Forcing

• SolarNew=1366.2708           !  yr = 1870 value
• CFVolca =0.
• CFAeros =0.
• To turn on these       : getbnd.F.ALV
  

• Read From 1890 when the 2D volcano data is available
• Solar Constant is from 1610 (Lean et al.2000)
• Aerosol        is from 1800 (GISS+CROWLEY)
• Volvano        is from 1890 (Ammann et al.)
• Boundary data is compressed now (./bnddata_64x48/ClimForcing)

2.4 Topographic effect w/ additional heating

• as a default, addhf=0.
• To change this         : getbnd.F.ALV
• How to construct the additional heating is an issue!
• further discussion w/ Massimo and Ning
• Test shows no big/drastic improvement. -JH
  

2.5 Scripts

• spin_ALV.sh  : CO2 level has to be fixed. 
  
• rdsst.sh           : realtime SST run after spin-up
  
• ensini.sh          : prepare initical conditions for the ensemble run
  
• ensemble.sh    : ensemble run
  

3. To Run LV

3.1 Important user parameters

• ATMODE (decide Prec/Ts is seasonal or realtime)
• IDMO (Diagnostic Model Output to use 'pool_flux.gs')

• spin_LV.sh     :
  
• pool.sh            : check the vegetation fluxes using pool_flux.gs
  
• lv_rt_mo.sh    : realtime run for 100yr with monthly output
  
• ensemble.sh    : same except yearly output
  

3. To run OALV   

• spin_OALV.sh : mixed-layer model spinup [run the full 3-step mxlayer spinup (produce Qflux for esm.sh)]
• ensemble_GSAV.sh : forced by Greenhouse gas, Solar, Aerosol, and Volcano forcing

• Resolution can be changed in hgrid.h
• Radiation (*.rsn and *.rad) is 12-month climatology for now
• Interannually change radiation is ready (using NCEP/NCAR R1)

4.1 History 

• We take the ELV (from Ning) and make to the CABOa
• Offline Vege/Land > fully coupled model : LV --> CABOa
  

4.2 Codes

• land.F - cond= CDN*VsE(i) !aerodynamic conductance
• cond= CDN*(VsE(i)+1.e-10) !@@@ "CABOa Without +1.e-10, the model will 'blow-up'."
  

4.3 Makefile

• Vaxlib : needs some more libraries
• w : Turn off all the warnings.
• extend_source : Fortran 77 compatibility
• axW : Optimization for Intel P4. If you have different CPU, you have to choose different one.
  

Chapter 3. Experiments with CABOa at UMD

								

3.1 CABOa-ALV : CO2 read and Land/Vege interactive

• Global SST (e.g., GOGA)
• Tropical/Extra Tropical SST (e.g., TOGA)
• Basin SSTs (Tropical PAC/ATL/IND, APAC, AATL)

3.2 CABOa-LV : GSWP2 Baseline experiments

• Prec/Tmp (CRU2.0)
• Radiation from ERA40
• Fixed land/vege
  

3.3 CABOa-AL : CO2 read and Land interactive

• Global SST

3.4 CABOa-A : CO2 read

• Global SST

3.5 UsingMixed-Layer Ocean model

3.6 Volcano/Aerosol forcing?

Chapter 4. Description of ESM0 simulation setup (with IPCC A1b)

• Ocean: Slab mixed layer ocean model [Hansen]
• Atmo: QTCMg 5.625x3.75 (64x48)
• Land: Sland (one layer for water, two layers for Temp)
• Vege: VEGAS

4.1 CO2 related vars in esm0

• co2obs : observation co2, after 2000, it is Anthropogenic CO2 emissionIPCC A1b scenario
• co2atmo : model output atmosphere co2
• co2atmov : co2 used in vege fertilization
• co2rad : CO2 used in the long raditaion function

4.2  Experiments design:

1. Given co2=330 at qtcm initial condition and
2. then nudge it to co2obs=281 ppmv in the spinup run.
3. No Emission input.
4. use Cemi=Cemi+(CO2obs-CO2atmo)*2.05/10 to nudge to co2obs=281ppmv
5. note: co2atmov=co2rad=co2atmo

1. co2obs is IPCC A1b(referring) no using .
2. Now Anthropogenic CO2 emission IPCC A2 scenario is added as emission forcing
3. note: co2rad=co2atmov=co2atmo

1. keep co2rad=280.0. This will keep temperature no change.
2. Anthropogenic CO2 emission IPCC A1b scenario is added ,
3. co2atmov=co2atmo is forcing for the vegetation activities.
4. co2atmo is simulated by esm0 without feedback back (diff from coupled run).
5. note: co2atmov=co2atmo, co2rad=280.0.

1. @@@@ co2atmo is modelled , we use Radiative physical model to simulate temperature forced by co2atmo.
2. drawing co2atmo and treat it as co2obs in REAL run, setting co2rad=co2obs
3. note: co2atmo --> co2rad

1. reading co2 data and use it as forcing to run esm0
2. co2atmov=co2rad=co2obs, co2atmo is output (zeng's intial offline designs)
3. This run is to simulate temperature of the IPCC A1b CO2 and second part of uncoupled run to simulate temperature.
4. note: co2obs --> co2rad
5. co2atmov=co2rad=co2obs
   

4.3 UMD2:   

Chapter 5. Boundary Data 

5.1 Fixed Field

• STYPE : inherited from QTCM. Originally derived from BATS
• TOPO : Absolute height (m) and Its gradient (m/m). Originally from NGDC
• ICE : Ice coverage over the land-surface (SP and Greenland). Origianlly from Peltier
• ALBEDO : Climatological Albedo. Originally from Darnell (Our model does not have Albedo feedback currently).

5.2 Time-varing field

• Aerosol/Volcano : zonal-averaged aerosol optical visible depth (Tau_Vis) is available from Ammann et al. (2003) and Meehl et al. (2003). Data can be obtained from http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/forcing.html. Crowley2000 has solar+volcano for last 1000yrNOAApaleo
• Aerosol (Anthropogenic SO2) : Horizontal distribution is available at the GISS : http://www.giss.nasa.gov/data/simodel/trop.aer/. Time series cab be obtained at NOAA's Paleoclimate data site (Crowley 2000).
• Solar : Lean et al. (2002) for last 400 years. This data may have several different sources.
• Land use change
• GISST : Monthly 1871--2002

5.3 Offline simulation

• Prec : CRU2.0 + Xie (Jan1901 �€“ Oct2004)
• Temp : CRU2.0 + GISS (Jan1901 �€“ Apr2004)
• Others : Radiation (Rsnet and FSWds), Wind-Speed, Vapor pressure

Chapter 6. ESM_coupling_notes

1. Ts uses SST everywhere (update Ts if iSTYPE=0 in AtmoDriv)
<>ALBDs uses observed value (see entry on ALBDs).  If a true aqua-planet is desired, ALBDs needs water value (~.1) on 'land'

2. <>Roughness length Zrough=0.0024 (ocean) everywhere in VegeDriv; this is also set as initial value in QTCM's [bndinit] so it will stay if VegeDriv is not called.

1. Ts
2. Evap, FTs which are passed to [AtmoStep]. Since [sflux] in qtcm calculates its own Evap/FTs, only land values are updated as Evapin=Evap...
3. After [VegeStep], Zrough is calculated as a function of vege height (vhmean), controlled by iSTYPE through landon in [VegeDriv]

1. Like landon=1; except using prescripd WDclim to replace WD

1. vc=1,beta=swet**.25 in [LandStep]; QTCM original formulation;
2. however, Zrough (used by CDN for evap/FTs) and ali (used by interception loss Evapi) need to be given to [LandStep] @@@

1. interactive

1. as =1, but with ali=aliclim (prescribed climatology with seasonal cycle)

1. We compute fluxes in atmo [sflux] assuming everywhere is ocean (but using input Zrough so over land it is so-called 'swamp' evap, if Zrough is not like ocean which can be controlled after [VegeStep] in driver).  To facilitate offline simulation, land calculates its own Evap/FTs. These are passed into [AtmoStep] as Evapin/FTsin which are then used by [barcl].  Thus atmo is using the Evap/FTs over ocean from the previous timestep rather than the current values calculated in [sflux].
2. Advantage: more modular; great for offline land/vege simulations
3. Drawback: values from previous timestep; imperfection in restart run
   

1. Currently observed (Darnell) annual mean initialized in [drivinit];
2. <>However in a truely interactive mode, ALBDs=ALBDsv where ALBDsv is predicted by the vegetation model as (from VEGAS code):
3. <>c- compute albedo given vegetation; from .45-.1 when alit from 0-infty c @Note: since alit is rescaled later by vegc, this needs modification
4. ALBDs(i) = .45 - .35 * ( 1. - exp( -.5*alitmp ) ) and if icem=1, ALBDs is set to 0.8
   

1. Roughness length Zrough=0.0024 over ocean, and land if landon=0 also set as initial value in QTCM's [bndinit]
2. if landon=1: After [VegeStep], Zrough is calculated as a function of vege height (vhmean), controlled by iSTYPE through landon in [VegeDriv]; so if vhmean=0 (VegeStep is not called at all,and initial vhmean=0), Zrough=0.05 (desert) everywhere Zrough is passed to [AtmoStep] and [LandStep] and used by CDN (then
<>
3. Evap/FTs/wind stress)

1. ice covered region are treated like ocean with ALBDs=0.8